Indian Marbled Toad | Duttaphrynus stomaticus,
Indian marbled toad (Duttaphrynus stomaticus) also
known as the Indus Valley toad or simply marbled toad, is a species belongs
to the group of toad commonly found in Asian countries such as India, Iran, Afghanistan, Nepal,
Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is also acknowledged as "house
toad" on account its common abundance near cultivated plains and human
settlements which have still water resources. It is a nocturnal species and its
diet includes of small insects.
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| Duttaphrynus stomaticus (Pic Credits: Dr. Amit Kotwal) |
Scientific
classification
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Kingdom:
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Animalia
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Phylum:
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Chordata
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Class:
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Amphibia
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Order:
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Anura
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Family:
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Bufonidae
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Genus:
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Duttaphrynus
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Species:
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stomaticus
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Binomial name
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Duttaphrynus stomaticus (Lütken, 1864)
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Conservation status
Least
Concern
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These toads do not have cranial crests; gap between
the eyes is broader than the upper eyelid; Tympanum is distinct, round, and is two
third of the diameter of eye; its first and second finger sub-equal and there
is a single sub-articular tubercle; a spiny ridge is found on the tarsus; the
parotid gland is longer than broad; a distinct tibial gland is also present. There
are three dark bands run diagonally on the forearm whereas underside is whitish
color having dark mottling over the throat. Coloration of the body is as: Dorsally
the species are olive or light gray to nearly black in color having dark
mottling or bear grayish dark reticulation; upper lip are cream in appearance; Ventral
is grimy white, dark mottling over the throat where tips of the digits are dark
brown.
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| Duttaphrynus stomaticus (Pic Crdts: Dr. Amit Kotwal) |
Literature
Cited:
Frost,
D.R. (2019). "Duttaphrynus stomaticus (Lütken, 1864)". Amphibian
Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of
Natural History. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
https://amphibiaweb.org/species/284
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duttaphrynus_stomaticus
Khan,
MS (2002) Riparian Tadpoles of Punjab, Pakistan: Bufo stomaticus Lütkin, 1862. Bull.
Chicago Herp., Soc., 37(12):216-219.
Kotwal,
A., Raina, R. and Wanganeo, A. (2016). Morphometric Studies on Duttaphrynus
melanostictus (Schneider, 1799) Anura: Bufonidae from Central India, Bhopal (MP)
with Special Reference to their Mortality by Roads. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci.
5(8): 114-120.
Kotwal,
A., Raina, R. and Wanganeo, A. (2018). Status and diversity of anurans (Anuran:
Frogs and Toads) in Barkatullah University Campus, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh,
Central India. International Journal of Advanced Science and Research, 3(1):
87-89
Manhas,
A., Kotwal, A., Wanganeo, R.R. and Wanganeo, A., 2015. Diversity, Threats and
Conservation of Herpetofauna in and around Barkatullah University, Bhopal (MP),
India. Int. J. Adv. Res. 3: 1546-1553.
Stöck,
M., Khan, M.S., Papenfuss, T., Anderson, S., Kuzmin, S., Rastegar-Pouyani, N.,
Dutta, S., Ohler, A., Sengupta, S., Manamendra-Arachchi, K.., De Silva, A.,
Anderson, S. and Sharifi, M. (2009). "Duttaphrynus stomaticus". The
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2009:
e.T54768A11201081. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T54768A11201081.en.
Retrieved 24 December 2019.
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